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Krasnodar Krai

</tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></tr></table> Krasnodar Krai (Russian: Краснода́рский край, tr.Krasnodarsky kray; IPA: [krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnodar. It had a population of 5,226,647 (2010 Census).[9] The krai is sometimes referred to as Kuban, a term describing a historical region of southern Russia.

Geography

Krasnodar Krai is located in the southwestern part of the North Caucasus and borders with Rostov Oblast in the northeast, Stavropol Krai in the east, and with the breakaway republic of Abkhazia (claimed by Georgia) in the south.[14] The Republic of Adygea is completely encircled by the krai territory. The krai's Taman Peninsula is washed by the Sea of Azov in the north and the Black Sea in the south.[15] In the west, the Kerch Strait separates the krai from the Crimean Peninsula.[15] At its widest extent, the krai stretches for Script error: No such module "convert". from north to south and for Script error: No such module "convert". from east to west.[14]

The krai is split into two distinct parts by the Kuban River, which gave its name to this entire geographic region.[15] The southern, seaward part is the western extremity of the Caucasus range, lying within the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion;[16] the climate is Mediterranean or, in the southeast, subtropical.[15] The northern part is a steppe zone which shares continental climate patterns.[15]

File:Goryachiy Kluch.jpg
A hilly landscape near Goryachy Klyuch

The height of the mountains exceeds Script error: No such module "convert"., with Mount Tsakhvoa being the highest at Script error: No such module "convert"..[15] Mount Fisht, at Script error: No such module "convert"., is the Great Caucasus' westernmost peak with a glacier.[15]

File:Tsakhvoa mount 2008.jpg
Mount Tsakhvoa is the highest peak in Krasnodar Krai

The Black Sea coast stretches from the Kerch Strait to Adler and is shielded by Caucasus Mountains from the cold northern winds.[15] Numerous small mountain rivers flow in the coastal areas, often creating picturesque waterfalls.[15]

File:Водопад пшада.jpeg
Pshadskiye Waterfalls

Lake Abrau, located in the wine-making region of Abrau-Dyurso, is the largest lake in the northeastern Caucasus region.[15] Lake Ritsa is considered to be one of the most picturesque lakes in the region and "the diamond of Caucasus"; it is located in an intermountain basin at the height of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level.[15]

File:Abrau.jpg
Lake Abrau

History

In 631, Kubrat was founded on the Kuban State and the Great Bulgar Khans dynasty began. The Royal city became Phanagoria. The territory of Krasnodar Region from the 8th to the 10th centuries was part of the Khazars. After the defeat of the Khazar Khanate in 965 Kievan prince Svyatoslav conquered the area, it came under the rule of Kievan Rus', and it then formed the Tmutarakan principality. Later, due to the increasing claims of Byzantium at the end of the 11th century, the Tmutarakan principality came under the authority of the Byzantine emperors (until 1204).

In that period of history, Russian Circassians first appeared under the name (ethnonym) Kasogs. For example, Rededi Prince Kasozhsky was mentioned in The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

In 1243-1438 the current territory of the Kuban was part of the Golden Horde. After the collapse of the latter, parts of Kuban were held under the Crimean Khanate, Circassia, and the Ottoman Empire, which dominated the region. The Tsardom of Russia began to challenge the protectorate of the Ottoman Empire in the area during the Russian-Turkish wars.

In April of 1783, by decree of Catherine II, right-bank Kuban and Taman Peninsula were annexed to the Russian Empire. In the years 1792-93 Cossacks moved here from Zaporozhye, now located in Ukraine, and formed the Black Sea Area troops, with the creation of a solid cordon line for the Kuban River and the marginalization of the neighboring Circassians.

During the campaign for control of the North Caucasus (Caucasian war 1763-1864) to Russia in 1829 pushed the Ottoman Empire and the 1830s. Border was marked on the Black Sea coast.

In 1783 present northern territory of Kuban region, became part of Russia after the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate. To protect the river Kuban, a border garrison was here in the years 1793-94. The remains were relocated to the Cossacks, initiating development of the region. Administrative region received the status of "Land of Black Sea Cossack Army".

Before the October Revolution of 1917, most of the territory of modern Kuban-Krasnodar territory occupied area, formed in 1860 from the Black Sea Cossack Army, the western part of the Caucasus Line Cossack troops. Kuban region was a territory of the Kuban Cossack Army.

In 1900 the region's population numbered around two million people. In 1913 the gross grain harvest Kuban region entered the 2nd place in Russia, for the production of marketable grain - in the 1st place.

Politics

File:Krasnodar 002.JPG
Krai Administration building in Krasnodar

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the Krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Krasnodar CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Krasnodar Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the Krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai is administratively divided into thirty-eight districts (raions) and fifteen cities of district equivalence. The districts and cities are further subdivided into eleven towns, plus urban-type settlements, and rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.

Economy

Transportation

File:19042014 СО750 1.jpg
Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway
File:E-train Lastochka on station Sochi.jpg
EMU train Lastotschka, Sochi

Several lines of Russian Railways cross the region and link it with Abkhasia, Ukraine, and neighboring Russian regions. There are direct trains from resort cities like Sochi and Anapa to Moscow, via Krasnodar, which become very popular during the summer vacation season. There are also suburb train connections. The Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway, the longest mountain narrow-gauge railway in Russia, runs through Krasnodar Krai.

There are several airports in the region, including Krasnodar International Airport, Sochi International Airport, Anapa Airport, and Gelendzhik Airport.

The biggest ports are Novorossiysk and Tuapse. Others are Eisk and Temryuk on the Azov Sea, and Port Kavkaz, Taman, Anapa, Gelendzhik, and Sochi on the Black Sea. There is a Kerch Strait ferry line which connects Russia and Crimea.

Demographics

Population: 5,404,300 (2014 est.);[11] 5,226,647 (2010 Census);[9] 5,125,221 (2002 Census);[17] 5,113,148 (1989 Census).[18]

The population of Krasnodar Krai is concentrated in the Kuban River drainage basin, which was traditionally Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). The Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in the area. Other notable ethnic groups are the Adyghe, who have lived in the Kuban area for thousands of years, and the Armenians (including Christian Hamsheni and Cherkesogai), who have lived in the region since at least the 18th century.

Ethnic groups: the 2010 Census identified ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:[9]

Krasnodar Krai
Краснодарский край (Russian)</th></tr>
—  Krai  —</th></tr>
Flag of Krasnodar Krai
Flag		 Coat of arms of Krasnodar Krai
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Krasnodar Krai[1]
File:Krasnodar in Russia.svg
Coordinates: 45°22′N 39°26′E / 45.367°N 39.433°E / 45.367; 39.433Coordinates: 45°22′N 39°26′E / 45.367°N 39.433°E / 45.367; 39.433{{#coordinates:45|22|N|39|26|E|type:adm1st||

|primary |name=

}}
Political status</th></tr>
Country</th> Russia
Federal district</th> Southern[2]
Economic region</th> North Caucasus[3]
Established</th> September 13, 1937[4]
Administrative center</th> Krasnodar
Government (as of September 2014)</th></tr>
 - Head of Administration (Governor)[6]</th> Veniamin Kondratev (interim)[5]
 - Legislature</th> Legislative Assembly[7]
Statistics</th></tr>
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[8]
 - Total</th> Script error: No such module "convert".
Area rank</th> 42nd
Population (2010 Census)[9]
 - Total</th> 5,226,647
 - Rank</th> 3rd
 - Density[10]</th> Script error: No such module "convert".
 - Urban</th> 52.9%
 - Rural</th> 47.1%
Population (2014 est.)
 - Total</th> 5,404,300[11]
Time zone(s)</th> MSK (UTC+03:00)[12]
ISO 3166-2</th> RU-KDA
License plates</th> 23
Official languages</th> Russian[13]
Official website
Population Ethnicity Percentage of total population
4,522,962 Russians 88.3%
281,680 Armenians 5.5%
83,746 Ukrainians 1.6%
24,840 Tatars 0.5%
22,595 Caucasus Greeks 0.4%
17,826 Georgians 0.3%
16,890 Belarusians 0.3%
13,834 Adyghe 0.3%
12,920 Romani 0.3%
12,171 Germans 0.2%
10,165 Azeris 0.2%
8,527 Turks 0.2%
5,170 Moldovans 0.1%
3,764 Assyrians 0.1%
79,768 Others 1.5%
  • 101,657 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[19]

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

  • Birth Rate: 11.19 per 1000
  • Death Rate: 14.39 per 1000
  • Net Immigration: +7.1 per 1000
  • NGR: -0.32% per Year
  • PGR: +0.39% per Year

Vital Statistics for 2008:[20]

  • Population (Jan 2009): 5,100,000
  • Births (2008): 62,200
  • Deaths (2008): 72,900
Vital statistics for 2012
  • Births: 69 031 (13.1 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 69 427 (13.1 per 1000) [21]
  • Total fertility rate:[22]

2009 - 1.59 | 2010 - 1.57 | 2011 - 1.58 | 2012 - 1.70 | 2013 - 1.72 | 2014 - 1.80(e)

Religion

Religion in Krasnodar Krai (2012)[23][24]

  Russian Orthodox (52.2%)
  Unaffiliated Christian (3%)
  Muslim (1%)
  Other Orthodox (1%)
  Spiritual but not religious (22%)
  Atheist (13%)
  Other or undeclared (7.8%)

According to a 2012 official survey[23] 52.2% of the population of Krasnodar Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches, and 1% are Muslims. In addition, 22% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 7.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[23]

2012 floods

Main article: 2012 Russian floods

On July 7, 2012, at least 171 people died in Krasnodar Krai, after torrential rains overnight caused the worst flooding and landslides in more than seventy years.[25][26][27] Over Script error: No such module "convert". of rain – the typical amount for a four- or five-month period – was reported to have fallen within forty-eight hours.[25][27][28] A local police spokesman stated that most of the dead were in Krymsky District, where at least 159 died when a wave of water Script error: No such module "convert". high swept through the town of Krymsk in the middle of the night.[26][27][28] Ten more deaths occurred in Gelendzhik, including five electrocuted when a transformer fell into the floodwater, and two in Novorossiysk.[25][27][28] Authorities stated that 17 people had been officially reported missing, and there were fears the death toll would rise further, while medics had hospitalized 210 people, including 16 children.[27]

The regional government claimed that over 24,000 people were affected by the floods, with more than 3,000 evacuated, and that more than 10,000 rescuers and 140 helicopters were searching for victims and evacuating survivors.[25][27][28] In Krymsk, 14 temporary shelters were set up to house around 2,000 evacuees.[27] The transport system in the region was said to have collapsed, while oil shipments from Novorossiysk were halted when the port, located in the lower part of the city, was threatened by landslides.[25][28][29] Russia's President Vladimir Putin flew to the area to hold emergency talks with officials in Krymsk, while authorities in Perm Krai dispatched a rescue team to evacuate dozens of children from the region, who had been staying at summer camps on the Black Sea coast.[25][27][29]

Residents of Krymsk claimed the wave of water that hit the town resulted from the sluice gates of a nearby reservoir being opened, although this was denied by the prosecutor general's investigative committee. Local prosecutors had earlier confirmed that the gates were opened, but stated that it was too early to determine whether this was the cause of the flooding.[26]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Law #5-KZ
  2. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  3. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  4. ^ Azarenkova et al., p. 114
  5. ^ Official website of Krasnodar Krai. Biography of Alexander Nikolayevich Tkachyov, Governor of Krasnodar Krai Invalid language code.
  6. ^ Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article 39
  7. ^ Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Chapter 24
  8. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
  9. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. 
  10. ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
  11. ^ a b Krasnodar Krai Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения Invalid language code.
  12. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  13. ^ Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  14. ^ a b Official website of Krasnodar Krai. General Information About the Region Invalid language code.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gorshenyov
  16. ^ WWF. Central Asia: Southwest Russia and the Crimean Peninsula on the Black Sea coast
  17. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014. 
  18. ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014. 
  19. ^ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2012-07-07.
  20. ^ Население Краснодарского края в 2008 году увеличилось на 0,4% - Новости России - ИА REGNUM. Regnum.ru (2009-02-19). Retrieved on 2012-07-07.
  21. ^ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
  22. ^ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
  23. ^ a b c Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  24. ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
  25. ^ a b c d e f "Russia Flash Floods: 144 Killed in Krasnodar Region". BBC News (London). July 7, 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 
  26. ^ a b c Elder, Miriam (July 9, 2012). "Russian Floods Kill 150 and Leave Thousands Homeless". The Guardian (London). Retrieved July 9, 2012. 
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h "Over 170 Killed as Tsunami-like Flood Hits Southern Russia". Russia Today (Moscow). July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2012. 
  28. ^ a b c d e "Over 100 Die in Russia as Floods and Landslides Hit Krasnodar Region". The Guardian (London). July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2012. 
  29. ^ a b "Vladimir Putin Flies to Flood-hit Southern Russia as Death Toll Rises". The Guardian (London). July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2012. 

Sources

  • Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №5-КЗ от 5 мая 1995 г. «О символах Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2957-КЗ от 8 мая 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Краснодарского края "О символах Краснодарского края"». Вступил в силу 31 мая 1995 г. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №87, 24 мая 1995 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #5-KZ of May 5, 1995 On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai, as amended by the Law #2957-KZ of May 8, 2014 On Amending the Law of Krasnodar Krai "On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai". Effective as of May 31, 1995.).
  • «Устав Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2870-КЗ от 30 декабря 2013 г «О внесении изменений в Устав Краснодарского края». Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", 10 ноября 1993 г. ( Charter of Krasnodar Krai, as amended by the Law #2870-KZ of December 30, 2013 On Amending the Charter of Krasnodar Krai. ).
  • Горшенёв, М. А. (1983). Путешествия по Краснодарскому краю (in Russian). Физкультура и спорт. 
  • Азаренкова, А. С.; И. Ю. Бондарь; Н. С. Вертышева (1986) [1986]. Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) (in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство. 

External links

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Republics
Krais
Oblasts
Federal cities
Autonomous oblast
Autonomous okrugs
  • 1Claimed by Ukraine and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine
  • 2Administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast
  • 3Administratively subordinated to Arkhangelsk Oblast
Internal additional non-constitutional divisions by different institutions
Countries and regions of the Caucasus
1 Partially-recognized states