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The Bidirectional Relationship between Cholesterol and Macrophage PolarizationJournal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics
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A Prospective Study of the Change in Quality of Life in Adults with a Newly Acquired Spinal Cord InjuryJournal of Neuroinfectious Diseases
Experimental Models of Microvascular Immunopathology: The Example ofCerebral MalariaUniversity of Sydney
The University of Sydney | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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File:University of Sydney coat of arms.png Coat of arms[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latin: Universitas Sidneiensis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motto |
Latin: Sidere mens eadem mutato English: Though the constellations are changed, the mind is the same. (Literal) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Established | 1850 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Public university | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Endowment |
A$1.8 billion (2013)</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chancellor | Belinda Hutchinson</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice-Chancellor | Michael Spence</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Visitor | Governor of New South Wales ex officio</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Administrative staff | 3,081 (FTE academic, 2008)</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Students | 52,789 (2014)[2]</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Undergraduates | 33,505 (2014)[2]</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Postgraduates | 19,284 (2014)[2]</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location |
Sydney, Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Campus | Urban, parks</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Colours |
Red, Gold & Blue </td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nickname | Template:If empty</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Affiliations | Group of Eight, APRU, ASAIHL, AAUN, ACU, WUN</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | sydney.edu.au</td></tr> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The University of Sydney logo</td></tr></table> The University of Sydney (commonly referred to as Sydney University, Sydney Uni, USYD, or Sydney) is an Australian public research university in Sydney. Founded in 1850, it is Australia's first university and is regarded as one of its most prestigious, ranked as the world's 27th most reputable university.[3] In 2013, it was ranked 37th and in the top 0.3% in the QS World University Rankings. Five Nobel and two Crafoord laureates have been affiliated with the university as graduates and faculty.[4] Its campus is ranked in the top 10 of the world's most beautiful universities by the British Daily Telegraph and The Huffington Post, spreading across the inner-city suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington.[5][6] The university comprises 16 faculties and schools, through which it offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. In 2011 it had 32,393 undergraduate and 16,627 graduate students.[7] Sydney University is a member of the prestigious Group of Eight, Academic Consortium 21, the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU), the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning, the Australia-Africa Universities Network (AAUN), the Association of Commonwealth Universities and the Worldwide Universities Network. The University is also colloquially known as one of Australia's sandstone universities. ContentsHistoryFile:Parramattard1870susyd.jpg The University of Sydney in the early 1870s, viewed from Parramatta Road File:Sydney-university-regiment-duke-of-york-visit-1927.jpg The Sydney University Regiment forming a guard of honour for the visiting Duke of York, 1927 In 1848, in the New South Wales Legislative Council, William Wentworth, a graduate of the University of Cambridge and Charles Nicholson, a medical graduate from the University of Edinburgh Medical School, proposed a plan to expand the existing Sydney College into a larger university. Wentworth argued that a state university was imperative for the growth of a society aspiring towards self-government, and that it would provide the opportunity for "the child of every class, to become great and useful in the destinies of his country".[8] It would take two attempts on Wentworth's behalf, however, before the plan was finally adopted. The university was established via the passage of the University of Sydney Act,[9] on 24 September 1850 and was assented on 1 October 1850 by Sir Charles Fitzroy.[10] Two years later, the university was inaugurated on 11 October 1852 in the Big Schoolroom of what is now Sydney Grammar School. The first principal was John Woolley,[11] the first professor of chemistry and experimental physics was John Smith.[12] On 27 February 1858 the university received its Royal Charter from Queen Victoria, giving degrees conferred by the university rank and recognition equal to those given by universities in the United Kingdom.[13] By 1859, the university had moved to its current site in the Sydney suburb of Camperdown. In 1858, the passage of the electoral act provided for the university to become a constituency for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as soon as there were 100 graduates of the university holding higher degrees eligible for candidacy. This seat in the Parliament of New South Wales was first filled in 1876, but was abolished in 1880 one year after its second member, Edmund Barton, who later became the first Prime Minister of Australia, was elected to the Legislative Assembly. Most of the estate of John Henry Challis was bequeathed to the university, which received a sum of £200,000 in 1889. This was thanks in part due to William Montagu Manning (Chancellor 1878–95) who argued against the claims by British Tax Commissioners. The following year seven professorships were created: anatomy; zoology; engineering; history; law; logic and mental philosophy; and modern literature. 1950–2000The New England University College was founded as part of the University of Sydney in 1938 and later separated in 1954 to become the University of New England. During the late 1960s, the University of Sydney was at the centre of rows to introduce courses on Marxism and feminism at the major Australian universities. At one stage, newspaper reporters descended on the university to cover brawls, demonstrations, secret memos and a walk-out by David Armstrong, a respected philosopher who held the Challis Chair of Philosophy from 1959 to 1991, after students at one of his lectures openly demanded a course on feminism.[14] The philosophy department split over the issue to become the Traditional and Modern Philosophy Department, headed by Armstrong and following a more traditional approach to philosophy, and the General Philosophy Department, which follows the French continental approach. Under the terms of the Higher Education (Amalgamation) Act 1989 (NSW)[15] the following bodies were incorporated into the university in 1990:
Prior to 1981, the Sydney Institute of Education was the Sydney Teachers College. The Orange Agricultural College (OAC) was originally transferred to the University of New England under the Act, but then transferred to the University of Sydney in 1994, as part of the reforms to the University of New England undertaken by the University of New England Act 1993[16] and the Southern Cross University Act 1993.[17] In January 2005, the University of Sydney transferred the OAC to Charles Sturt University. 2000–presentFile:The Main Quadrangle of the University of Sydney.png The Main Quadrangle in its complete form as seen today File:Charles Perkins Centre interior, Sydney.jpg Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney In 2001, the University of Sydney chancellor, Dame Leonie Kramer, was forced to resign by the university's governing body.[18] In 2003, Nick Greiner, a former Premier of New South Wales, resigned from his position as chair of the university's Graduate School of Management because of academic protests against his simultaneous chairmanship of British American Tobacco (Australia). Subsequently, his wife, Kathryn Greiner, resigned in protest from the two positions she held at the university as chair of the Sydney Peace Foundation and a member of the executive council of the Research Institute for Asia and the Pacific.[19] In 2005, the Public Service Association of New South Wales and the Community and Public Sector Union were in dispute with the university over a proposal to privatise security at the main campus (and the Cumberland campus).[20] In February 2007, the university agreed to acquire a portion of the land granted to St John's College to develop the Sydney Institute of Health and Medical Research. As a Roman Catholic institution, in handing over the land St John's placed limitations on the type of medical research which could be conducted on the premises, seeking to preserve the essence of the college's mission. This caused concern among some groups, who argued that it would interfere with scientific medical research. However, this was rejected by the university's administration because the building was not intended for this purpose and there were many other facilities in close proximity where such research could take place. At the start of 2010, the university controversially adopted a new logo. It retains the same university arms, however it takes on a more modern look. There have been stylistic changes, the main one being the coat of arm's mantling, the shape of the escutcheon (shield), the removal of the motto scroll, and also others more subtle within the arms itself, such as the mane and fur of the lion, the number of lines in the open book and the colouration.[21] The original Coat of Arms from 1857 continues to be used for ceremonial and other formal purposes, such as on testamurs.[22][23] An internal staff survey in 2012/13, which found widespread dissatisfaction with how the university is being managed.[24] Asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements about the university, 19 per cent of those surveyed believed “change and innovation” were handled well by the university. In the survey, 75 per cent of university staff indicated senior executives were not listening to them, while only 22 per cent said change was handled well and 33 per cent said senior executives were good role models.[citation needed] In the first week of semester in 2012, staff passed a motion of no confidence in vice chancellor Michael Spence because of concerns he was pushing staff to improve the budget while he received a performance bonus of $155,000 that took his total pay to $1 million, in the top 0.1 per cent of income earners in Australia.[25] Fairfax media reports Spence and other Uni bosses have salary packages worth ten times more than staff salaries and double that of the Prime Minister.[26] Concerns about public funding for higher education were reflected again in 2014 following the federal government's proposal to deregulate student fees. The university held a wide-ranging consultation process, which included a "town hall meeting" at the university's Great Hall 25 August 2014, where an audience of students, staff and alumni expressed deep concern about the government's plans and called on university leadership to lobby against the proposals.[27] Spence took a leading position among Australian vice-chancellors in repeatedly calling throughout 2014 for any change to funding to not undermine equitable access to university while arguing for fee deregulation to raise course costs for the majority of higher education students.[28][29] Spence has also caused the university embarrassment and scorn for allowing students from an elite private school, Scots College, to enter university via a "pathway of privilege" by means of enrolling in a Diploma of Tertiary Preparation rather than meeting HSC entry requirements.[30] The university charged students $12,000 to take the course and have since admitted a number of students to degree courses. Exposed by Fairfax media, the scheme has been criticised by Phillip Heath, the national chairman of the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia.[31] Corruption at SydneyRecently the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) has urged Sydney, and other universities, to step up protocols to stamp out corruption in the international student industry. Around 70 students from the universities of Newcastle and Sydney, and several other major universities, were recently caught up in a cheating racket stemming from their use of an online essay writing company. The ICAC urged universities to do more to stamp out corruption in the lucrative international student sector. The ICAC report found that academics can feel pressure to not enforce compliance with academic standards because of the competitive environment of the international student market.[32] Coat of armsFile:University of Sydney.svg Arms used in the University of Sydney logo, pre-2010 The Grant of Arms was made by the College of Arms in 1857. The grant reads:
The use of eight-pointed stars was unusual for arms at the time, although they had been used unofficially as emblems for New South Wales since the 1820s and on the arms of the Church of England Diocese of Australia in 1836.[33] According to the university, the Latin motto Sidere mens eadem mutato can be translated as "Though the constellations change, the mind is universal",[1] thereby, conveying the aspiration that "the traditions of the older universities of the Northern Hemisphere are continued here in the Southern."[34] Author and university alumnus Clive James quipped in his 1981 autobiography that the motto loosely translates as "Sydney University is really Oxford or Cambridge laterally displaced approximately 12,000 miles."[35] Rankings
File:University of Sydney Great Hall Wentworth statue 21 May 2010.JPG Statue of Wentworth in the Great Hall File:Anderson Stuart Building Sydney Uni.JPG The Anderson Stuart Building, housing the Sydney Medical School File:Macleay Building and Museum, University of Sydney.jpg The Macleay Building housing the Macleay Museum, the oldest collection of natural history in Australia File:University of Sydney Madsen Building.png The Madsen Building, housing the School of Geosciences, previously occupied by the CSIRO File:InstituteBuilding.JPG The Institute Building The 2014–15 QS World University Rankings placed the University of Sydney 37th dropping its position for the second year in a row[44] and ranked much lower in the respected Times Higher Education rankings[45] Sydney is one of only 12 universities in the world to receive a "5 Star Plus" rating by QS based on criteria including "research, employability, teaching, facilities, internationalisation, innovation, specialist criteria and inclusiveness".[46] The 2013 QS World University Rankings by Subject[47] placed Sydney in the top 20 in the world in 11 subjects; more than a third of the 30 measured. The University of Sydney was ranked 8th in the world for Education, 9th in Accounting and Finance and 10th in Law. Additionally, Sydney was placed 12th in English Language and Literature, History and Archaeology, Linguistics and Civil Engineering and Structural Engineering, the highest in Australia of those subjects. Psychology at Sydney was ranked 14th, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Communication and Media were ranked 16th, and the Sydney Medical School was ranked 17th.[48] The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–12 placed the University of Sydney 58th, 9th in the Asia Pacific and in the top 0.6% in the world.[49] The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013 placed Sydney 21st in Arts and Humanities, 25th in Clinical, Pre-clinical and Health, 36th in Social Sciences and 46th in Engineering and Technology. The Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings 2013, placed Sydney as the 49th most reputable in the world.[50] In the 2014 Shanghai Ranking published by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, the University of Sydney was ranked in the 101-150th bracket, 7th in the Asia Pacific and in the top 1% in the world.[51] In the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities 2014 by National Taiwan University, Sydney is ranked 37th in the world, 3rd in the Asia Pacific and 2nd in Australia.[52] In the 2013–14 "University Ranking for Academic Performance", the University of Sydney is ranked 39th in the world and 2nd in Australia.[53] The 2014 U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities ranking placed Sydney 45th in the world, 5th in the Asia Pacific and 2nd in Australasia.[54] In 2014, the Centre for World University Rankings ranked Sydney 95th, in the top 1% in the world and 1st in Australia.[55] The number of rich Sydney alumni was ranked fifth outside the United States, behind Oxford, Mumbai, Cambridge and LSE according to the ABC NEWS.[56] Business magazine Spear's placed the University of Sydney 44th in the world in its table of "World's top 100 universities for producing millionaires".[57] In 2012, The New York Times placed the University of Sydney's graduates at 49th in the world for employability, determined by surveys of thousands of top company recruiters.[58] In 2014, The Financial Times ranked the Sydney Business School's Master of Management program 47th in the world, 4th in the Asia Pacific and 1st in Australia.[59] Additionally, The Australian Financial Review ranked Sydney's Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) 1st in Australia.[60] Notable alumniMain article: List of University of Sydney people
Throughout its history, University of Sydney alumni have made significant contributions to both Australia and the world. Australian leaders who have graduated from the University include two governors-general, six Australian prime ministers, the most of any university, including Australia's first, Sir Edmund Barton, four chief justices of the High Court of Australia, and twenty other justices of the High Court, as well as the third president of the United Nations General Assembly, and five Nobel laureates and two Crafoord laureates. According to ABC NEWS, the university produced more ultra high-net-worth alumni than any other Australian university and the number of rich Sydney alumni was ranked fifth outside the United States, behind Oxford, Mumbai, Cambridge and LSE.[56] OrganisationThe university comprises 16 faculties and schools:[61]
The five largest faculties and schools by 2011 student enrollments were (in descending order): Arts and Social Sciences; Business; Science; Engineering and Information Technologies; Health Sciences. Together they constituted 64.4% of the university's students and each had a student enrolment over 4,500 (at least 9% of students).[62] File:SydneyUniversity MainBuilding Panorama.jpg The Main Quadrangle of the University of Sydney Endowments and research grants
File:The Peter Nicol Russell Memorial, University of Sydney.jpg Peter Nicol Russell Memorial File:University of Sydney - MacLaurin Hall Stained Glass.jpg Stained glass by the staircase leading to MacLaurin Hall The University of Sydney currently has financial endowments totalling $829 million. A drop due to recent downturn of the global economic situation. The university's turnover, in turn, was A$1.3 billion in 2008. Latest figures show that the University of Sydney has received the highest amount of research grants, which may demonstrate its research competitiveness and the size of its students and staff body. The University of Sydney also has the second largest (behind Monash University) body of students and researchers among Australian universities. The University of Sydney secured more than $46 million in funding in the 2007 round of National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project Grant, Capacity Building and Fellowship awards, the largest allocation to any university in the state. The James Jones foundation has announced the 2007 recipient of the bicentennial award in university research linked to applied agricultural economics. The award includes various grant and research opportunities that may be taken up by both staff members and senior students. Five of the university's affiliated medical research facilities secured $38 million in the Australian government's 2006 budget, part of $163 million made available for a variety of development and expansion projects. Bequests and legacies
CampusMain campusFile:McLaurin Hall, University of Sydney.JPG The MacLaurin Hall The main campus has been ranked in the top 10 of the world's most beautiful universities by the British Daily Telegraph, The Huffington Post and Disney Pixar, among others such as Oxford and Cambridge and is spread across the inner-city suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington.[5][6] File:Southern Range of the University of Sydney Main Quadrangle.jpg The interior of the Main Quadrangle Southern Range Originally housed in what is now Sydney Grammar School, in 1855 the government granted land in Grose Farm to the university, three kilometres from the city, which is now the main Camperdown campus. The architect Edmund Blacket designed the original Neo-Gothic sandstone Quadrangle and Great Tower buildings, which were completed in 1862. The rapid expansion of the university in the mid-20th century resulted in the acquisition of land in Darlington across City Road. The Camperdown/Darlington campus houses the university's administrative headquarters, and the Faculties of Arts, Science, Education and Social Work, Pharmacy, Veterinary Science, Economics and Business, Architecture, and Engineering. It is also the home base of the large Faculty of Medicine, which has numerous affiliated teaching hospitals across the state. File:Inside Quadrangle Cloisters, University of Sydney.JPG Jacaranda tree in the main quadrangle The main campus is also the focus of the university's student life, with the student-run University of Sydney Union (known as 'the Union') in possession of three buildings – Wentworth, Manning and Holme Buildings. These buildings house a large proportion of the university's catering outlets, and provide space for recreational rooms, bars and function centres. One of the largest activities organised by the Union is the Orientation Week (or 'O-week'), centring on stalls set up by clubs and societies on the Front Lawns. The university is currently undertaking a large capital works program with the aim of revitalising the campus and providing more office, teaching and student space.[69] The program will see the amalgamation of the smaller science and technical libraries into a larger library, and the construction of a central administration and student services building along City Road. A new building for the School of Information Technologies opened in late 2006 and has been located on a site adjacent to the Seymour Centre. The busy Eastern Avenue thoroughfare has been transformed into a pedestrian plaza and a new footbridge has been built over City Road. The new home for the Sydney Law School, located alongside Fisher Library on the site of the old Edgeworth David and Stephen Roberts buildings, has been completed. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:center; max-width:Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".px;"> The campus is well served by public transport, being a short walk from Redfern railway station and served by buses on the neighbouring Parramatta Road and City Road.[71] From 2007, the university has used space in the former Eveleigh railway yards, just to the south of Darlington, for examination purposes. Satellite campusesFile:Usyd Clock Tower.jpg The Great Tower (completed 1862) is on the eastern side of the Main Quadrangle
Facilities and servicesFile:The University of Sydney Lake Northam 2013.jpg Lake Northam in Victoria Park University of Sydney LibraryThe University of Sydney Library consists of eleven individual libraries located across the University's various campuses. According to the library's publications, it is the largest academic library in the southern hemisphere;[72] university statistics show that in 2007 the collection consisted of just under 5 million physical volumes and a further 300,000 e-books, for a total of approximately 5.3 million items.[73] The Rare Books Library possesses several extremely rare items, including one of the two extant copies of the Gospel of Barnabas and a first edition of Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Museums and galleries
Residential collegesFile:St Johns College U Sydney.jpg St John's College File:Formal dinner in Great Hall - St Johns College U Sydney.jpg Formal dinner in the Great Hall of St John's College File:Freehill Tower Foyer - St Johns College U Sydney.jpg Freehill Tower Foyer in St John's College File:Sancta Quad 2007.jpg Quadrangle of Sancta Sophia College File:SydneyUniversity WesleyCollege.jpg Wesley College File:Camperdown St Andrews College.JPG St Andrew's College The University has a number of residential college and halls of residence, based on the college system of Cambridge and Oxford universities, each with its own distinctive style and facilities. All offer tutorial support and a wide range of social and sporting activities in a supportive communal environment. Five colleges are affiliated with religious denominations and while this gives each of these colleges a special character, students of any denomination or religion are eligible for admission. Unlike some residential colleges in British or American universities, the colleges are not affiliated with any specific discipline of study. "Intercol" refers to the six colleges which exist on campus. They are modelled on the British system of colleges and competition for entry is high each year. The Colleges compete in the Rawson Cup (sport for men) the Rosebowl cup (sport for women) and the Palladian Cup (drama, debating and music for both men and women).
The University also has three other residential systems, which are different from the colleges, and are not part of the intercol system. For a variety of reasons, the intercol network has chosen[citation needed] to have no affiliation with these "houses".
There is a university-affiliated housing cooperative, Stucco. The college also publishes a peer-reviewed online journal, Philament,[75] that focuses on work by postgraduate students including creative stories.[76] the journal is supported by an advisory board of faculty members, and is registered by the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education Science and Training (DEST). Student organisationsFile:Usydoweek.jpg Orientation Week at University Place.
The SRC and Union are both governed by student representatives, who are elected by students each year. Elections for the USU board of directors occur in first semester; elections for the SRC President, and for members of the Students' Representative Council itself, occur in second semester, along with a separate election for the editorial board of the student newspaper Honi Soit, which is published by the SRC. The elections are usually closely contested, and result in much of the main campus being covered with chalk messages from the various candidates. However, some complaints have been made in the pages of Honi Soit and other publications about the organisations' claims to represent the student body, citing perennially low voter turnouts and the general apathy of much of the university population to student politics. The future of these organisations was believed to be under a shadow with the passage of legislation implementing voluntary student unionism in late 2005. The legislation prohibited the compulsory collection of fees from students, which had been the customary means of funding student organisations, after the beginning of Semester 2 of 2006. Although the organisations continue to be concerned about their long-term financial viability, they have secured significant funding from the University to partially make up for lost revenue. MiscellaneousStatistics
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