Frequent Links
Uvular flap
| Uvular flap | |
|---|---|
| ɢ̆ | |
| ʀ̆ | |
| IPA number | 112 505 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) |
Template:Infobox IPA/format numbers |
| Unicode (hex) | Template:Infobox IPA/format numbers |
| Template:Infobox IPA/format numbers | |
The uvular flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩,[1] since the two have never been reported to contrast.
The uvular flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.
More commonly, it is said to vary with the much more frequent uvular trill, and is most likely a single-contact trill [ʀ̆] rather than an actual flap in these languages. (The primary difference between a flap and a trill is the airstream, not the number of contacts.)
Contents
Features
Features of the uvular flap:
- Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch[2] | rood | [ʀ̆oːt] | 'red' | More common than a uvular trill.[3] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology | |
| German | Standard[4] | ehre | [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] | 'honour' | Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill.[4] See German phonology |
| Okanagan | Southern[5] | [ɢ̆àlə́p] | 'lose' | Allophone of /ʕ/;[5] it corresponds to [ʕ] in other dialects.[5] | |
| Supyire[6] | tadugugo | [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] | 'place to go up' | May be in free variation [ɡ].[6] | |
| Wahgi[7] | [example needed] | Allophone of /ʟ̝/.[7] | |||
References
- ^ Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003:42 and 199)
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003:42)
- ^ a b Lodge (2009:46)
- ^ a b c Kinkade (1967:232)
- ^ a b Carlson (1994:10)
- ^ a b Phillips (1976:?)
Bibliography
- Carlson, Robert (1994). A Grammar of Supyire. Walter de Gruyter.
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003), The Phonetics of English and Dutch, Fifth Revised Edition (PDF), ISBN 9004103406
- Kinkade, M. Dale (1967). "Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics 33 (3): 228–234. doi:10.1086/464965.
- Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
- Phillips, Donald J. (1976). Wahgi Phonology and Morphology.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Buffer' not found.